Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

EQUITY

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EQUITY
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block] EQUITY
Dividends
We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Moreover, the terms of our senior secured credit facility limit the amount of funds that we will have available to declare and distribute as dividends on our common stock. Payment of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors in accordance with applicable laws after taking into account various factors, including the financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and contractual restrictions with respect to the payment of dividends.
Common Stock
The following table reconciles common stock reported in the consolidated statements of changes in equity to the consolidated balance sheets.
December 31,
2019 2018
Common shares issued as reported in the consolidated statement of changes in equity 211,262,062    209,135,581   
  Unvested restricted stock awards 1,169,582    1,399,181   
  Unvested deferred stock awards issued 1,686,000    200,000   
Common shares issued as reported in the consolidated balance sheets 214,117,644    210,734,762   
Unvested restricted stock awards and unvested deferred stock awards issued will be reflected in the statements of changes in equity at the time of vesting.
During 2019, 2018 and 2017, we issued 1.3 million, 2.3 million and 3.5 million shares, respectively, of common stock in connection with stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock awards.
During 2019, we issued 0.8 million shares of common stock to holders of our 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2019 upon conversion of $28.6 million of the principal amount of the notes.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Common stock of approximately 22.1 million shares as of December 31, 2019 is reserved for future issuances under the stock incentive plan (including 11.3 million options, 1.2 million restricted stock awards and 2.5 million of deferred stock awards currently granted).
Noncontrolling Interests
Common securities held by the noncontrolling interests that do not include put arrangements exercisable outside of our control are recorded in equity, separate from our stockholders’ equity.
The purchase or sale of additional ownership in an already controlled subsidiary is recorded as an equity transaction with no gain or loss recognized in net income (loss) or comprehensive income (loss) as long as the subsidiary remains a controlled subsidiary. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, we acquired all or additional equity interests in several companies that did not have a significant impact to equity either on an individual basis or in the aggregate. The following schedule reflects the change in ownership interests for these transactions:
  Year Ended December 31,
  2019 2018 2017
  (in thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation
 $ 69,889    $ 60,249    $ (6,015)  
Transfers of noncontrolling interests:      
Changes in Live Nation’s additional paid-in capital for purchases of noncontrolling interests, net of transaction costs
 (23,878)   (8,210)   (3,616)  
Changes in Live Nation’s additional paid-in capital for sales of noncontrolling interests, net of transaction costs
 —    1,410    —   
Net transfers of noncontrolling interests (23,878)   (6,800)   (3,616)  
Change from net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation and net transfers of noncontrolling interests
 $ 46,011    $ 53,449    $ (9,631)  
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
We are subject to put arrangements where the holders of the noncontrolling interests can require us to repurchase their shares at specified dates in the future or within specified periods in the future. Certain of these puts can be exercised earlier upon the occurrence of triggering events as specified in the agreements. The redemption amounts for these puts are either at a fixed amount, at fair value at the time of exercise or a variable amount based on a formula linked to earnings. In accordance with the FASB guidance for business combinations, the redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date. For put arrangements that are not currently redeemable, we accrete up to the estimated redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the individual puts, with the offset recorded to additional paid-in capital. Decreases in accretion are only recognized to the extent that increases had been previously recognized. The estimated redemption values that are based on a formula linked to future earnings are computed each reporting period using projected cash flows, and the estimated redemption values that are based on fair value at the time of exercise are computed each reporting period by applying a multiple to projected earnings, both of which take into account the current expectations regarding profitability and the timing of revenue-generating events. The balances are reflected in our balance sheets as redeemable noncontrolling interests outside of permanent equity.
Our estimate of redemption amounts for puts that are redeemable at fixed or determinable prices on fixed or determinable dates for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 are $238.3 million, $27.5 million, $114.1 million, $99.0 million and $29.5 million, respectively.
Transactions with Noncontrolling Interest Partners
We have loaned or advanced money to noncontrolling interest partners under the terms of the partnership operating agreements, promissory notes or other arrangements. As of December 31, 2019, we had outstanding notes receivable and prepayments of $6.5 million in other current assets and $97.5 million in other long-term assets, and as of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding notes receivable and prepayments of $8.9 million in other current assets and $86.9 million in other long-term assets.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents changes in the components of AOCI, net of taxes, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Foreign Currency Items Other Total
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ (176,246)   $ (461)   $ (176,707)  
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 67,704    —    67,704   
Amount reclassified from AOCI —    461    461   
Net other comprehensive income 67,704    461    68,165   
Balance at December 31, 2017 (108,542)   —    (108,542)  
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (36,689)   —    (36,689)  
Amount reclassified from AOCI —    —    —   
Net other comprehensive loss (36,689)   —    (36,689)  
Balance at December 31, 2018 (145,231)   —    (145,231)  
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (482)   —    (482)  
Amount reclassified from AOCI —    —    —   
Net other comprehensive loss (482)   —    (482)  
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ (145,713)   $ —    $ (145,713)  

The realized loss in other reclassified from AOCI during 2017 resulted from the termination of a pension plan.
Earnings per Share
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share adjusts basic net income per common share for the effects of stock options, restricted stock and other potentially dilutive financial instruments only in the periods in which such effect is dilutive. Our convertible senior notes are considered in the calculation of diluted net income per common share, if dilutive.
The calculation of diluted net income per common share includes the effects of the assumed exercise of any outstanding stock options, the assumed vesting of shares of restricted and deferred stock awards and the assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes where dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 there were no reconciling items to the weighted average common shares outstanding in the calculation of diluted net income per common share. The following table shows securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share because such securities were anti-dilutive:
  
Year Ended December 31,
  
2019 2018 2017
Options to purchase shares of common stock 11,347,305    11,784,023    14,238,589   
Restricted and deferred stock awards—unvested 3,655,582    3,899,181    4,106,956   
Conversion shares related to convertible senior notes
 8,374,536    8,912,099    7,929,982   
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding
 23,377,423    24,595,303    26,275,527